Prețurile benzinei („benzină”) și motorinei din NZ și SUA de @ellis2013nz

library(tidyverse)
library(janitor)
library(readxl)
library(patchwork)
library(ggtext)

#---------------New Zealand----------------------

# Download petrol prices from MBIE. Not sure how to determine if it is 'stale'
# or not, seems to get 10 days out of date at least.
download.file(
  "https://www.mbie.govt.nz/assets/Data-Files/Energy/Weekly-fuel-price-monitoring/weekly-table.csv",
  destfile = "nz-petrol-prices.csv"
)

# For some reason this crashes R
# nz <- read_csv("nz-petrol-prices.csv")
# so need to use read.csv instead

# The exchange rate file is a bit slow to donwload so only want to download it
# if necessary ie latest value is more than 10 days old
stale_fx <- TRUE

if (file.exists("nzd_usd.csv")) {
  nzd_usd <- read_csv("nzd_usd.csv")
  if (as.numeric(Sys.Date() - max(nzd_usd$observation_date)) < 10) {
    stale_fx <- FALSE
  }
}
if (stale_fx) {
  download.file(
    "https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=DEXUSNZ",
    destfile = "nzd_usd.csv"
  )
  nzd_usd <- read_csv("nzd_usd.csv")
}


nz <- read.csv("nz-petrol-prices.csv") |>
  as_tibble() |>
  clean_names() |>
  mutate(date = as.Date(date)) |>
  filter(variable == "Adjusted retail price") |>
  left_join(nzd_usd, by = c("date" = "observation_date")) |>
  arrange(date) |>
  fill(DEXUSNZ, .direction = "down") |>
  mutate(value_usd_gallon = value * DEXUSNZ * 3.78541 / 100) |>
  mutate(fuel = ifelse(fuel == "Premium Petrol 95R", "Premium Petrol", fuel)) |>
  select(date, fuel, value_usd_gallon) |>
  mutate(country = "New Zealand")

# Adjusted retail price is
# "The national average price  paid by consumers for a given fuel for the week. "
# note, different from "Board price" which is the advertised rate Decided the
# Adjusted retail price (i.e. what actually paid) was most comparable to the USA
# series in the next section.

#------------------USA---------------------
# See https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_pri_gnd_dcus_nus_w.htm

stale_usa <- TRUE
if (file.exists("usa-petrol-prices.xls")) {
  tmp <- read_excel("usa-petrol-prices.xls", sheet = "Data 1", skip = 2)
  if (as.numeric(Sys.Date() - max(as.Date(tmp$Date))) < 7) {
    stale_usa <- FALSE
  }
}


if (stale_usa) {
  download.file(
    "https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/xls/PET_PRI_GND_DCUS_NUS_W.xls",
    destfile = "usa-petrol-prices.xls",
    mode = "wb"
  )
}

usa <- read_excel("usa-petrol-prices.xls", sheet = "Data 1", skip = 2) |>
  mutate(Date = as.Date(Date)) |>
  select(
    date = Date,
    `Regular Petrol` = `Weekly U.S. Regular All Formulations Retail Gasoline Prices  (Dollars per Gallon)`,
    `Premium Petrol` = `Weekly U.S. Premium All Formulations Retail Gasoline Prices  (Dollars per Gallon)`,
    Diesel = `Weekly U.S. No 2 Diesel Ultra Low Sulfur (0-15 ppm) Retail Prices  (Dollars per Gallon)`
  ) |>
  gather(fuel, value_usd_gallon, -date) |>
  mutate(country = "USA")

#------------combine the two----------------
combined_petrol <- usa |>
  rbind(nz) |>
  filter(date >= min(nz$date)) |>
  filter(fuel != "Premium Petrol") |>
  mutate(fuel = fct_relevel(fuel, "Regular Petrol"))

#-----------------plot drawing---------------
annotations <- tibble(
  date = as.Date(c(
    "2008-01-01",
    "2013-01-01",
    "2016-10-01",
    "2022-06-01",
    "2026-02-01"
  )),
  value_usd_gallon = 8.5,
  fuel = "Regular Petrol",
  country = "USA",
  label = c(
    "Buildup to GlobalnFinancial Crisis",
    "'$100 oil plateau'",
    "US shale comes online",
    "Russia invades Ukraine",
    "USA attacks Iran"
  )
) |>
  mutate(fuel = factor(fuel, levels = levels(combined_petrol$fuel)))

# Base definition of chart, used in both versions:
p0 <- combined_petrol |>
  ggplot(aes(x = date, y = value_usd_gallon, colour = country)) +
  facet_wrap(~fuel, ncol = 1) +
  geom_line(linewidth = 0.7) +
  scale_y_continuous(label = dollar) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = c("New Zealand" = "blue", "USA" = "red")) +
  labs(
    x = "",
    colour = "",
    y = "Price (USD per gallon)",
    title = "Retail petrol and diesel prices 2004-2026, **New Zealand** vs **USA**, (USD/gallon).",
    subtitle = "New Zealand prices include petrol excise, GST and other taxes but exclude diesel fuel excise.",
    caption = "Source: New Zealand MBIE, USA EIA"
  ) +
  theme(legend.position = "none", plot.title = element_markdown())

# Main chart:
p1 <- p0 +
  geom_text(
    data = annotations,
    aes(label = label),
    colour = "grey40",
    vjust = 1,
    size = 2.9,
    fontface = "italic"
  )

# Zoomed in on 2026:
p2 <- p0 +
  filter(combined_petrol, date >= "2026-01-01") +
  geom_point() +
  labs(
    title = "Retail petrol and diesel prices 2026, **New Zealand** vs **USA**, (USD/gallon)."
  ) +
  scale_x_date(
    date_breaks = "1 month",
    date_labels = "%B"
  )

print(p1)
print(p2)